Boolean Algebra

Boolean Algebra

In mathematics and mathematical logic, Boolean algebra is a sub-area of algebra in which the values of the variables are true or false, typically denoted with 1 or 0 respectively. Instead of elementary algebra where the values of the variables are numbers and the main operations are addition and multiplication, the main operations of Boolean algebra are the conjunction (denoted ∧), the disjunction (denoted ∨) and the negation (denoted ¬).

In this mission you should implement some boolean operations:
- "conjunction" denoted x ∧ y, satisfies x ∧ y = 1 if x = y = 1 and x ∧ y = 0 otherwise.
- "disjunction" denoted x ∨ y, satisfies x ∨ y = 0 if x = y = 0 and x ∨ y = 1 otherwise.
- "implication" (material implication) denoted x→y and can be described as ¬ x ∨ y. If x is true then the value of x → y is taken to be that of y. But if x is false then the value of y can be ignored; however the operation must return some truth value and there are only two choices, so the return value is the one that entails less, namely true.
- "exclusive" (exclusive or) denoted x ⊕ y and can be described as (x ∨ y)∧ ¬ (x ∧ y). It excludes the possibility of both x and y. Defined in terms of arithmetic it is addition mod 2 where 1 + 1 = 0.
- "equivalence" denoted x ≡ y and can be described as ¬ (x ⊕ y). It's true just when x and y have the same value.

Here you can see the truth table for these operations:

 x | y | x∧y | x∨y | x→y | x⊕y | x≡y |
--------------------------------------
 0 | 0 |  0  |  0  |  1  |  0  |  1  |
 1 | 0 |  0  |  1  |  0  |  1  |  0  |
 0 | 1 |  0  |  1  |  1  |  1  |  0  |
 1 | 1 |  1  |  1  |  1  |  0  |  1  |
--------------------------------------

You are given two boolean values x and y as 1 or 0 and you are given an operation name as described earlier. You should calculate the value and return it as 1 or 0.

Input: Three arguments. X and Y as 0 or 1. An operation name as a string.

Output: The result as 1 or 0.

Example:

assert boolean(0, 0, "conjunction") == 0
assert boolean(0, 1, "conjunction") == 0
assert boolean(1, 0, "conjunction") == 0
assert boolean(1, 1, "conjunction") == 1

How it is used: Here you will learn how to work with boolean values and operators. You even get to think about numbers as booleans.

Precondition: x in (0, 1)
y in (0, 1)
operation in ("conjunction", "disjunction", "implication", "exclusive", "equivalence")

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